JDBC Package in Java

 

Java Package JDBC 

JDBC stands for Java Database Connectivity. JDBC is a Java API to connect and execute the query with the database. It is a part of JavaSE (Java Standard Edition). JDBC API uses JDBC drivers to connect with the database. There are four types of JDBC drivers:

• JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver,
• Native Driver,
• Network Protocol Driver, and
• Thin Driver

The JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) API is a Java API that provides a standard interface for connecting Java applications to databases. The JDBC API allows developers to write database applications in Java without having to learn SQL or other database-specific languages. The JDBC API is part of the Java Standard Edition (Java SE) and includes the java.sql and javax.sql packages.

The java.sql package provides the core JDBC API, including classes for connecting to databases, executing SQL statements, retrieving results, and working with transactions. Some of the key classes in the java.sql package include:

DriverManager: Provides methods for establishing a connection to a database.

Connection: Represents a connection to a database and provides methods for creating statements and managing transactions.

Statement: Represents an SQL statement that is sent to a database for execution.

ResultSet: Represents the result set of an SQL query and provides methods for retrieving data.

The javax.sql package provides additional classes and interfaces for working with databases in a more sophisticated way, such as connection pooling, distributed transactions, and support for database metadata.

To use the JDBC API in your Java application, you need to include a JDBC driver for the database you are connecting to in your classpath. The JDBC driver provides the implementation of the JDBC API for a specific database. Each database vendor provides its own JDBC driver, which you can download from the vendor's website or through a third-party provider. Once you have the JDBC driver, you can use the DriverManager class to connect to the database and execute SQL statements.

We have discussed the above four drivers in the next chapter.

We can use JDBC API to access tabular data stored in any relational database. By the help of JDBC API, we can save, update, delete and fetch data from the database. It is like Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) provided by Microsoft.

The current version of JDBC is 4.3. It is the stable release since 21st September, 2017. It is based on the X/Open SQL Call Level Interface. The java.sql package contains classes and interfaces for JDBC API. A list of popular interfaces of JDBC API are given below:

• Driver interface
• Connection interface
• Statement interface
• PreparedStatement interface
• CallableStatement interface
• ResultSet interface
• ResultSetMetaData interface
• DatabaseMetaData interface
• RowSet interface

A list of popular classes of JDBC API are given below:

• DriverManager class
• Blob class
• Clob class
• Types class

Why Should We Use JDBC

Before JDBC, ODBC API was the database API to connect and execute the query with the database. But, ODBC API uses ODBC driver which is written in C language (i.e. platform dependent and unsecured). That is why Java has defined its own API (JDBC API) that uses JDBC drivers (written in Java language).

We can use JDBC API to handle database using Java program and can perform the following activities:

1. Connect to the database
2. Execute queries and update statements to the database
3. Retrieve the result received from the database.

What is API

API (Application programming interface) is a document that contains a description of all the features of a product or software. It represents classes and interfaces that software programs can follow to communicate with each other. An API can be created for applications, libraries, operating systems, etc.

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Topics in Java JDBC Tutorial

2) JDBC Drivers

In this JDBC tutorial, we will learn four types of JDBC drivers, their advantages and disadvantages.

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3) 5 Steps to connect to the Database

In this JDBC tutorial, we will see the five steps to connect to the database in Java using JDBC.

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4) Connectivity with Oracle using JDBC

In this JDBC tutorial, we will connect a simple Java program with the Oracle database.

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5) Connectivity with MySQL using JDBC

In this JDBC tutorial, we will connect a simple Java program with the MySQL database.

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6) Connectivity with Access without DSN

Let's connect java application with access database with and without DSN.

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7) DriverManager class

In this JDBC tutorial, we will learn what does the DriverManager class and what are its methods.

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8) Connection interface

In this JDBC tutorial, we will learn what is Connection interface and what are its methods.

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9) Statement interface

In this JDBC tutorial, we will learn what is Statement interface and what are its methods.

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10) ResultSet interface

In this JDBC tutorial, we will learn what is ResultSet interface and what are its methods. Moreover, we will learn how we can make the ResultSet scrollable.

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11) PreparedStatement Interface

In this JDBC tutorial, we will learn what is benefit of PreparedStatement over Statement interface. We will see examples to insert, update or delete records using the PreparedStatement interface.

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12) ResultSetMetaData interface

In this JDBC tutorial, we will learn how we can get the metadata of a table.

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13) DatabaseMetaData interface

In this JDBC tutorial, we will learn how we can get the metadata of a database.

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14) Storing image in Oracle

Let's learn how to store image in the Oracle database using JDBC.

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15) Retrieving image from Oracle

Let's see the simple example to retrieve image from the Oracle database using JDBC.

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16) Storing file in Oracle

Let's see the simple example to store file in the Oracle database using JDBC.

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17) Retrieving file from Oracle

Let's see the simple example to retrieve file from the Oracle database using JDBC.

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18) CallableStatement

Let's see the code to call stored procedures and functions using CallableStatement.

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19) Transaction Management using JDBC

Let's see the simple example to use transaction management using JDBC.

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20) Batch Statement using JDBC

Let's see the code to execute batch of queries.

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21) JDBC RowSet

Let's see the working of new JDBC RowSet interface.