Operators in Java

Operator in Java is a symbol that is used to perform operations. For example: +, -, *, / etc.

There are many types of operators in Java which are given below:

• Unary Operator,
• Arithmetic Operator,
• Shift Operator,
• Relational Operator,
• Bitwise Operator,
• Logical Operator,
• Ternary Operator and
• Assignment Operator.

Java Operator Precedence

Operator Type	Category	Precedence
Unary	postfix	expr++ expr--
	prefix	++expr --expr +expr -expr ~ !
Arithmetic	multiplicative	* / %
	additive	+ -
Shift	shift	<< >> >>>
Relational	comparison	< > <= >= instanceof
	equality	== !=
Bitwise	bitwise AND	&
	bitwise exclusive OR	^
	bitwise inclusive OR	|
Logical	logical AND	&&
	logical OR	||
Ternary	ternary	? :
Assignment	assignment	= += -= *= /= %= &= ^= |= <<= >>= >>>=

Java Unary Operator

The Java unary operators require only one operand. Unary operators are used to perform various operations i.e.:

• incrementing/decrementing a value by one
• negating an expression
• inverting the value of a boolean

Java Unary Operator Example: ++ and --

1. public class OperatorExample{  
2. public static void main(String args[]){  
3. int x=10;  
4. System.out.println(x++);//10 (11)  
5. System.out.println(++x);//12  
6. System.out.println(x--);//12 (11)  
7. System.out.println(--x);//10  
8. }}  

Output:

10
12
12
10

Java Unary Operator Example 2: ++ and --

1. public class OperatorExample{  
2. public static void main(String args[]){  
3. int a=10;  
4. int b=10;  
5. System.out.println(a++ + ++a);//10+12=22  
6. System.out.println(b++ + b++);//10+11=21  
7.   
8. }}  

Output:

22
21

Java Unary Operator Example: ~ and !

1. public class OperatorExample{  
2. public static void main(String args[]){  
3. int a=10;  
4. int b=-10;  
5. boolean c=true;  
6. boolean d=false;  
7. System.out.println(~a);//-11 (minus of total positive value which starts from 0)  
8. System.out.println(~b);//9 (positive of total minus, positive starts from 0)  
9. System.out.println(!c);//false (opposite of boolean value)  
10. System.out.println(!d);//true  
11. }}  

Output:

-11
9
false
true

Java Arithmetic Operators

Java arithmetic operators are used to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They act as basic mathematical operations.

Java Arithmetic Operator Example

1. public class OperatorExample{  
2. public static void main(String args[]){  
3. int a=10;  
4. int b=5;  
5. System.out.println(a+b);//15  
6. System.out.println(a-b);//5  
7. System.out.println(a*b);//50  
8. System.out.println(a/b);//2  
9. System.out.println(a%b);//0  
10. }}  

Output:

15
5
50
2
0

Java Arithmetic Operator Example: Expression

1. public class OperatorExample{  
2. public static void main(String args[]){  
3. System.out.println(10*10/5+3-1*4/2);  
4. }}  

Output:

21

Java Left Shift Operator

The Java left shift operator << is used to shift all of the bits in a value to the left side of a specified number of times.

Java Left Shift Operator Example

1. public class OperatorExample{  
2. public static void main(String args[]){  
3. System.out.println(10<<2);//10*2^2=10*4=40  
4. System.out.println(10<<3);//10*2^3=10*8=80  
5. System.out.println(20<<2);//20*2^2=20*4=80  
6. System.out.println(15<<4);//15*2^4=15*16=240  
7. }}  

Output:

40
80
80
240

Java Right Shift Operator

The Java right shift operator >> is used to move the value of the left operand to right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.

Java Right Shift Operator Example

1. public OperatorExample{  
2. public static void main(String args[]){  
3. System.out.println(10>>2);//10/2^2=10/4=2  
4. System.out.println(20>>2);//20/2^2=20/4=5  
5. System.out.println(20>>3);//20/2^3=20/8=2  
6. }}  

Output:

2
5
2

Java Shift Operator Example: >> vs >>>

1. public class OperatorExample{  
2. public static void main(String args[]){  
3.     //For positive number, >> and >>> works same  
4.     System.out.println(20>>2);  
5.     System.out.println(20>>>2);  
6.     //For negative number, >>> changes parity bit (MSB) to 0  
7.     System.out.println(-20>>2);  
8.     System.out.println(-20>>>2);  
9. }}  

Output:

5
5
-5
1073741819

Java AND Operator Example: Logical && and Bitwise &

The logical && operator doesn't check the second condition if the first condition is false. It checks the second condition only if the first one is true.

The bitwise & operator always checks both conditions whether first condition is true or false.

1. public class OperatorExample{  
2. public static void main(String args[]){  
3. int a=10;  
4. int b=5;  
5. int c=20;  
6. System.out.println(a<b&&a<c);//false && true = false  
7. System.out.println(a<b&a<c);//false & true = false  
8. }}  

Output:

false
false

Java AND Operator Example: Logical && vs Bitwise &

1. public class OperatorExample{  
2. public static void main(String args[]){  
3. int a=10;  
4. int b=5;  
5. int c=20;  
6. System.out.println(a<b&&a++<c);//false && true = false  
7. System.out.println(a);//10 because second condition is not checked  
8. System.out.println(a<b&a++<c);//false && true = false  
9. System.out.println(a);//11 because second condition is checked  
10. }}  

Output:

false
10
false
11

Java OR Operator Example: Logical || and Bitwise |

The logical || operator doesn't check the second condition if the first condition is true. It checks the second condition only if the first one is false.

The bitwise | operator always checks both conditions whether first condition is true or false.

1. public class OperatorExample{  
2. public static void main(String args[]){  
3. int a=10;  
4. int b=5;  
5. int c=20;  
6. System.out.println(a>b||a<c);//true || true = true  
7. System.out.println(a>b|a<c);//true | true = true  
8. //|| vs |  
9. System.out.println(a>b||a++<c);//true || true = true  
10. System.out.println(a);//10 because second condition is not checked  
11. System.out.println(a>b|a++<c);//true | true = true  
12. System.out.println(a);//11 because second condition is checked  
13. }}  

Output:

true
true
true
10
true
11

Java Ternary Operator

Java Ternary operator is used as one line replacement for if-then-else statement and used a lot in Java programming. It is the only conditional operator which takes three operands.

Java Ternary Operator Example

1. public class OperatorExample{  
2. public static void main(String args[]){  
3. int a=2;  
4. int b=5;  
5. int min=(a<b)?a:b;  
6. System.out.println(min);  
7. }}  

Output:

2

Another Example:

1. public class OperatorExample{  
2. public static void main(String args[]){  
3. int a=10;  
4. int b=5;  
5. int min=(a<b)?a:b;  
6. System.out.println(min);  
7. }}  

Output:

5

Java Assignment Operator

Java assignment operator is one of the most common operators. It is used to assign the value on its right to the operand on its left.

Java Assignment Operator Example

1. public class OperatorExample{  
2. public static void main(String args[]){  
3. int a=10;  
4. int b=20;  
5. a+=4;//a=a+4 (a=10+4)  
6. b-=4;//b=b-4 (b=20-4)  
7. System.out.println(a);  
8. System.out.println(b);  
9. }}  

Output:

14
16

Java Assignment Operator Example

1. public class OperatorExample{  
2. public static void main(String[] args){  
3. int a=10;  
4. a+=3;//10+3  
5. System.out.println(a);  
6. a-=4;//13-4  
7. System.out.println(a);  
8. a*=2;//9*2  
9. System.out.println(a);  
10. a/=2;//18/2  
11. System.out.println(a);  
12. }}  

Output:

13
9
18
9

Java Assignment Operator Example: Adding short

1. public class OperatorExample{  
2. public static void main(String args[]){  
3. short a=10;  
4. short b=10;  
5. //a+=b;//a=a+b internally so fine  
6. a=a+b;//Compile time error because 10+10=20 now int  
7. System.out.println(a);  
8. }}  

Output:

Compile time error

After type cast:

1. public class OperatorExample{  
2. public static void main(String args[]){  
3. short a=10;  
4. short b=10;  
5. a=(short)(a+b);//20 which is int now converted to short  
6. System.out.println(a);  
7. }}  

Output:

20

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In Java, an operator is a symbol that performs an operation on one or more operands to produce a result. Operators are used to manipulate values in expressions, which are combinations of operators, operands, and other elements that are evaluated to produce a value.

Java supports several types of operators, including arithmetic operators, relational operators, logical operators, bitwise operators, and assignment operators.

1. Arithmetic operators:

   • + addition
   • - subtraction
   • * multiplication
   • / division
   • % modulus

2. Relational operators:

   • == equal to
   • != not equal to
   • > greater than
   • < less than
   • >= greater than or equal to
   • <= less than or equal to

3. Logical operators:

   • && logical AND
   • || logical OR
   • ! logical NOT

4. Bitwise operators:

   • & bitwise AND
   • | bitwise OR
   • ^ bitwise XOR
   • ~ bitwise complement
   • << left shift
   • >> right shift
   • >>> unsigned right shift

5. Assignment operators:

   • = simple assignment
   • += addition assignment
   • -= subtraction assignment
   • *= multiplication assignment
   • /= division assignment
   • %= modulus assignment
   • &= bitwise AND assignment
   • |= bitwise OR assignment
   • ^= bitwise XOR assignment
   • <<= left shift assignment
   • >>= right shift assignment
   • >>>= unsigned right shift assignment

In addition to these operators, Java also supports increment and decrement operators (++ and --), as well as conditional operators (?:) and type comparison operators (instanceof).

Operators in Java have a specific order of precedence, which determines the order in which they are evaluated in expressions. It is important to be aware of this order when writing complex expressions involving multiple operators and operands.

In summary, operators in Java are symbols that perform operations on one or more operands to produce a result. Java supports several types of operators, including arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, and assignment operators, as well as increment and decrement operators, conditional operators, and type comparison operators. Operators in Java have a specific order of precedence, which determines the order in which they are evaluated in expressions.